96式坦克：装甲战争正在开发的新车96式 AW新中国坦克96式介绍

　　《装甲战争》今天更新补全了中国线的坦克，但是中国坦克还有很多并未加入游戏，下面为大家带来的是装甲战争正在开发的新车96式介绍。

　　The Type 96 Main Battle Tank is the ultimate evolution of the second generation of Chinese MBTs that started with the Type 80 and branched into two parallel development lines:

　　96式主战坦克，是中国第二代主战坦克的终极演变。中国第二代主战坦克史以80式开始，之后分裂为2条并行线：

　　Type 88 for Chinese domestic use (several hundred built)

　　Type 85 for export (exported mainly to Pakistan)

　　自用的88式（制造了数百辆）；

　　外贸的85式（主要出口给了巴基斯坦）。

　　The Type 96 is mostly a Chinese domestic tank, but its roots lie in a cross-over between the domestic and import branches, specifically the Type 85-III.

　　大部分96式是自用坦克，但是它的发展史跨越了自用与外贸2条线。尤其是85-3。

96原型车

　　The Type 85-III was the last step in the Type 85 export line. The prototype was developed based on the Type 85-IIM export version for Pakistan. It was developed in 1993 by NORINCO (just like the previous Type 85 variants) but featured a large number of improvements over the older Type 85-IIM, including but not limited to:

　　85-3是85系列的最后一个型号，原型车的研发基于出口巴基斯坦的85-2M。它是由北方工业于1993年研发（和以前的85系列一样），是对旧的85-IIM进行了大量改进，包括但不限于：

　　New, powerful 1000hp turbo-diesel engine (the weight increased to 44 tons but the performance remained the same thanks to this upgrade)

　　New transmission of the same type the T-72 uses

　　New ERA kit

　　强劲的新型1000马力涡轮发动机（虽然整车重量增加到44吨，但是得益于发动机使得性能不变）；

　　新的传动系统，和T-72用的类型一样；

　　新的爆反。

　　Reliable information about Type 85-III is, as it usually is with any Chinese tanks, hard to come by, but the tank was offered on foreign market starting from 1994, but the attempt to market it was unsuccessful. It participated in comparative trials with the Ukrainian T-84 MBT in Pakistan in 1995. During the tests, the tanks fared roughly the same with the Type 85-III having a slightly better gun but at that time, the T-80UD was already mass-produced while the Type 85-III was still just a prototype and had some teething issues. The fuel tank, for example, was too small due to the Chinese requirements. The oil lubrication was also insufficient due to the extreme heat the tests were conducted in, which led to an engine failure. In the end, the T-80UD was declared as the winner and Pakistan ordered some 320 tanks that were more or less successfully delivered between 1997 and 2002.

　　关于85-3的可靠信息，就和中国的其它坦克一样难以溯源。坦克于1994年开始提供出口，但它的推销是不成功的。1995年，85-3在巴基斯坦参加了同乌克兰T-84的比较试验。在试验中，T-84与85-3相差不大，而85-3的火炮更为好些。但当时T-80UD已经大规模量产了；85-3还只是一个原型车，而且在试验中还出现了一些问题。例如因为中国本土的需求导致油箱过小。而且在极端炎热环境下测试使得机油润滑不足，从而导致发动机故障。最终T-80UD斩下了定单，巴基斯坦在1997至2002年期间订购了大约320辆T-80UD。

　　As a result of this failure, the promotion of Type 85-III was basically dropped. The developers were quite happy with the tank, claiming that in combat value it was on par with the Russian T-80 andT-90 series. And this is where the story of the Type 96 started.

　　这次失败的结果是85-3被放弃。但是开发者对坦克非常满意，声称它的战斗价值与俄罗斯T-80和T-90系列相当，这便是96的故事开端。

　　In 1991, the Chinese military underwent a massive shock in the form of the absolute decimation of Iraqi forces by the Americans during the Gulf War. Not that the Chinese military experts haven’t been aware of the growing obsolescence of their designs – they have, but the sheer scope of destruction was even worse than what the most pessimistic estimates predicted. As a result, the development of a new, third generation Main Battle Tank was accelerated, but such things take time. Aware of the increasing delays, the Chinese turned to possibly the best armored vehicle they had developed – the Type 85-III prototype.

　　1991年，海湾战争期间美国人对伊拉克部队的绝对碾压令中国军方造成了极大震惊。不是说中国的军事专家没有意识到他们的设计越来越过时了——而是损毁的范围比最悲观的估计还要糟糕。结果就是第三代主战坦克的研发工作得到了迅速发展。但研发仍需要时间，意识到拖延的时间越来越长，中国人将目光投向可能是当时他们最好的坦克——85-3原型车。

　　In 1996, the design was officially approved – with some modifications as the Type 96 Main Battle Tank. In China, it’s also known under the alternative designation of Type 88C that relates to the domestic branch of the Type 80 development, but the basis for it is the Type 85-III prototype, albeit downgraded it to ensure the best reliability.

　　1996年，该设计被正式批准——在进行一些改造后以96式命名，在中国也被称为88C。88C与80系列的自用型号相关，尽管降了代数以确保可靠性（准三代），但它的基础是85-3原型车。

　　Thus, the original Type 96 resembled the Type 85-IIM more than it did the Type 85-III. It did have its welded turret and the 125mm gun, but it lacked ERA and the 1000hp up-tuned engine.

　　因此，初代96比起85-3而言更像85-IIM。它有焊接转塔和125毫米火炮，但却没有爆反和上调至1000马力的发动机。

　　In its original form, the vehicle weighed 41 tons and had a crew of three (Commander, Gunner and Driver).

　　初代96重达41吨，有3名乘员（车长、炮手和驾驶员）。

　　The armor protection was roughly equal to the one of the Type 85-IIM. The turret consist of composite armor, no ERA was installed. The hull is full-steel with applique composite armor. The manual states the following numbers for the protection levels:

　　装甲防护上大致同85-IIM相当。炮塔由复合装甲组成，没有安装爆反。车体为匀质钢+附加复合装甲。在坦克手册中列出了坦克防护等级的数据：

　　Frontal protection of the hull equals to 380mm of RHAe versus kinetic shells and 600mm versus HEAT shells (comparable T-72M1 numbers are 360mm and 500mm)

　　Turret protection equals to 450mm of RHAe versus kinetic shells and 850mm versus HEAT (comparable T-72M1 numbers are 410mm and 500mm)

　　车体正面防护能力相当于380mm（动能弹）和600mm（HEAT）的冷轧均质钢（与之相当的T-72M1数据为360mm和500mm）；

　　炮塔防护能力相当于450mm（动能弹）和850毫mm（HEAT）的冷轧均质钢（与之相当的T-72M1数据为410mm和500mm）。

　　The sides are, however, very thin with only 50mm of steel armor. The sides were protected by rubber skirts, giving it some level of protection versus incoming HEAT rounds.

　　但是坦克的侧面却非常薄弱，仅为50mm厚的匀质钢。侧面还加装了橡胶裙板，对HEAT可以提供一定等级的防护。

　　The vehicle was powered by the 730hp 121150ZLC V12 turbocharged diesel engine, allowing it to go as fast as 57 km/h (although the off-road maximum speed is only 32 km/h). The transmission was the same type as on the Type 85-III.

　　动力来源为一台730马力的12150ZLC V12涡轮增压柴油发动机，允许它的速度达到57km/h（尽管最大越野速度仅为32km/h）。传动系统类型与85-3相同。

　　The vehicle was armed, like the Type-85-IIM, with the automatically loaded 125mm smoothbore Type 83 L/48 cannon (a copy of the 2A46, obtained from a T-72 from Romania). The main round this gun fired was a NORINCO-developed 1730 m/s APFSDS round that can allegedly penetrate 500mm of RHAe at 2km. The tank could fire standard Warsaw Pact 125mm rounds as well.

　　坦克的武器与85-2M相同，都是一门带有自动装弹机的125mm ZPT-98A L48滑膛炮（从罗马尼亚赠送的T-72那里获得的2A46复制版）。火炮使用的主要炮弹为北方工业开发的尾翼稳定脱壳穿甲弹（弹速可达1730米/秒），据称可以在2公里上击穿500mm的均质钢。此外也可以使用华约的标准型125毫米炮弹。

　　The rate of fire of this gun was some 7 rounds per minute. The maximum depression was -5 degrees when facing forward and -2.6 degrees when facing backward, the elevation was +13.5 degrees forward and +15.9 degrees backward. The vehicle carried 41 shells (22 in the autoloader and 19 within the hull). The advanced Fire Control System (ISFCS-212) was shared with the Type 85-IIM.

　　125炮的射速为7发/分，最大俯仰角为-5°/13.5°（当炮塔转向后方时为-2.6°/15.9°）。坦克携带了41枚炮弹（22枚装填在自动装弹机内，19枚放在车体里），所使用的先进火控（ISFCS-212）和85-2M相同。

　　After successfully passing the state tests, the initial production of the Type 96 started in 1997 and ran roughly until 2005 with around 2000 vehicles produced (although a half of it consisted of the modernized Type 96A that will be covered in a different article). At this moment, the People’s Liberation Army is estimated to still operate around 1000 tanks of this older type.

　　在成功通过状态测试后，首批96的生产始于1997年。生产一直持续到了大约2005年，总共生产了大约2000辆（虽然半数是由现代化的96A型组成，这将在另一篇文章中讨论）。今天，PLA仍然在使用大约1000辆老款96。

　　Curiously enough, despite the vehicle being intended for domestic use, an unknown number (perhaps two dozen) of them found its way to Sudan, possibly around 2006 to 2007. There, they participated in the government service in the fighting against South Sudanese forces, knocking out several T-72 tanks (at least one T-72AV). The details of this deal are unknown. It’s worth noting, however, that while the Type 96 generally outclasses the older T-72 models, the results of such clashes often depend more on the crew skills than on the vehicle itself as both tanks are capable of knocking each other out.

　　奇怪的是，尽管96是自用车，但在2006年至2007年期间，有不明数量（可能有二十几辆）的96通过一些途径到达了苏丹。在那里，他们参加了对南苏丹部队的作战，并击毁了数台T-72（至少有一架T-72AV）。这笔交易的细节我们无法得知，然而值得注意的是，虽然96的性能大大优于这些老旧的T-72型号，但是这些交战结果往往更多取决于乘员水平而不是坦克本身，因为这两种坦克都可以击穿彼此。

　　In Armored Warfare, the Type 96 will be a progression vehicle with its variants appearing in reward or premium roles.

　　在AW中，96会是一辆绿票车。它的其余型号将会以奖励或者金币车的形式出现。

　　We’ll disclose more information about the Type 96 variants in the near future!

　　我们将在不久的将来公布更多有关96其它型号的信息！